Clinical Profile and Outcome of Organophosphorus Poisoning in a Tertiary Hospital.

Organophosphorus compound (OPC) poisoning is common in Bangladesh. The toxicity of the agent and paucity of appropriate medical services has resulted in high mortality rates. To find out the clinical profile and outcome of OPC poisoning patients is the main aim of my study. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Medicine, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh from September 2016 to November 2018. In this study, mean age of the study subjects was 25.90±11.24 years. Males (70.8%) were predominant than female (29.2%). In this study, most of the poisoning was done by ingestion (98.3%) and only two (1.7%) by inhalation. Regarding features, most muscarinic effect was constricted pupil and bronchospasm (65.0%). Common nicotinic effect was fasciculation (25.0%) and central effect was headache (61.67%). Mean amount of OPC ingestion was 26.30±17.24 ml in this study. Regarding circumstances of poisoning, familial disharmony (38.3%) and quarrel with other family members (37.5%) were the major reason followed by failure of personal affairs (15.0%) and other reasons (9.2%). Regarding complications, aspiration pneumonia was found in 6.7% cases, cardiac arrhythmia was in 6.7% cases and intermediate syndrome was in 1.7% cases. Most of the study subjects (95.0%) recovered fully. Most of the patients were from rural area. Suicidal was the common motive and familial disharmony and quarrel with other family members are the common circumstances of poisoning. Mortality rate was 5.0%.

A Study on Clinical Presentation and Histological Diagnosis of Lymphadenopathy Patients Admitted In Department of Medicine in A Tertiary Hospital.

Lymphadenopathy is a common problem encountered in day to day clinical practices in Bangladesh. It is an abnormal increase in size and/or altered consistency of lymph nodes. The condition generally is not a disease itself but a symptom of one of many possible underlying problems. So it is very much essential to achieve a correct diagnosis of patients presenting with lymphadenopathy. This cross sectional study carried out at the Department of Medicine, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital (MMCH), Mymensingh over a period of 6 months from January 2014 to June 2014. This study was carried out to evaluate the clinical presentations and to see the ultimate diagnosis by appropriate investigations of lymphadenopathy patients. It is a male predominance study. Metastatic carcinoma (Met. Ca) belonged to relatively higher age group, tuberculosis (TB) and acute leukaemias belonged to younger age group and lymphoma belonged to middle age group. Among 50 cases metastatic carcinoma comprises total 14(28%), lymphoma 13(26%), tuberculosis (TB) 12(24%), acute leukaemia 7(14%), non-specific (Non Sp.) 4(8%) cases. Among lymphoma non Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) was 10 (20%) then Hodgkin's disease (HD) was 3(6%) and among acute leukaemia acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) was 5(10%) and acute myeloblastic leukaemia (AML) was 2(4%) cases. Most of the patients belong to younger age groups, 32% cases were from 18-30 years. Most of the patients had generalized lymphadenopathy. Biopsy of lymph node was done in 60% cases. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was done in 24% cases. Bone marrow study (BMD) was done in 14% cases include all cases of leukemia. Among 50 patients correct clinical diagnosis were found 100% cases of ALL and non-specific infection, 80% cases of metastatic carcinoma, 66.66% cases of AML and NHL, 62.5% cases of TB, 50% cases of HD. AML and ALL were diagnosed by bone marrow study. Over all 70% of clinical diagnosis were found correct in this study. In conclusion malignancy, lymphoma and tuberculosis were the most common cause of lymphadenopathy patients. Most of the cases were diagnosed by taking appropriate history and examination but FNAC, biopsy and bone marrow study were need for final diagnosis.

Aetiology of Myelopathy in a Tertiary Hospital of Bangladesh.

Disease of the spinal cord is called myelopathy which are frequently devastating. They produce motor weakness in the form of quadriplegia or paraplegia, sensory impairment, with a definite anatomical level, and loss of sphincteric function far beyond the site of damage. Many spinal cord diseases are reversible if known and treated at an early stage. Purpose of this study is to evaluate clinical presentation and aetiology of myelopathic patients on the basis of history, clinical examination and investigations. Patients getting admission in indoor of Medicine, Neuromedicine and Neurosurgery units of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi, Bangladesh from March 2013 to August 2013, having complains of spastic paraplegia and quadriplegia or flaccid type of paralysis with sensory level or bowel bladder disturbance. This cross-sectional descriptive study was done with total 44 myelopathic patients were evaluated. Out of 44 patients, 75% were male and 25% were female (ratio 3:1), mean age 35±13.9 years (range 13-65 years). Among them 54.5% patients had paraparesis and 45.5% patients had quadriparesis. Sensory disturbance had 70.45%, 68.18% had urinary sphincter disturbance and 22.72% had bladder sphincter disturbance. Among the aetiology of myelopathy the commonest cause was cervical spondylotic myelopathy 31.8%, second cause was acute transverse myelitis 20.5% and third cause was Pott's disease 18.2%. It was observed that majority (75%) of them had compressive type and 25% patients had non-compressive type of involvement. Myelopathy was three times more common in male than female. Cervical spondylotic myelopathy & transverse myelopathy was the main aetiology of compressive and non compressive myelopathy respectively.

Stress Hyperglycemia and Stroke Outcome in Patients with Acute Stroke.

Stroke is leading cause of death world wide, after coronary artery disease and cancer. A high proportion of patients suffering from an acute stress such as stroke or myocardial infarction may develop hyperglycemia, even in the absence of a preexisting diagnosis of diabetes. An observational comparative study was carried out at the Department of Neurology and Medicine, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from July 2011 to June 2013 among purposively selected ninety-three patients with a view to assess the outcome of stress hyperglycemia on acute stroke. Data were collected through interview, physical examinations & laboratory investigations by using case record form. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS (Statistical package for social science) version 17. The mean age of this study was 59.04±15.01 years in the hyperglycemic group and 62.06±13.81 years in the normoglycemic group. The male female ratio in the Hyperglycemic and normoglycemic group was 2.12:1 and 2.44:1 respectively. Smoker was 48.8% in the hyperglycemic group and 52% in the normoglycemic group. 70% of the Hyperglycemic group and 66% of the normoglycemic were found hypertensive. Mean±SD blood glucose level was found 11.86±0.58mmol/L in the Hyperglycemic group and 6.50±1.55mmol/L in the normoglycemic group. Mean HbAlc were 6.14±0.56 in hyperglycemic group and 5.29±0.54 in normoglycemic group. Stroke severity score were 21.79±11.85 in Hyperglycemic and 28.64±9.53 in normoglycemic group on admission. Functional outcome was measured on discharge & at the end of 4th weeks of every patient by Glasgo Outcome Scale (GOS). The study also suggests that stress hyperglycemia is an important risk factor of poor stroke outcome.

Current Trend of Using Anti-Hypertensives in Pregnancy and Postpartum Period in a Tertiary Level Hospital.

Hypertensive disorders are one of the most common disorders in pregnancy. They are amongst the major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Incidence is increasing in developing countries like Bangladesh. This cross sectional descriptive study has done to observe the utilization of antihypertensive drugs in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and conducted from January 2016 to December 2016 in the department of Pharmacology in collaboration with department of Gynecology and Obstetrics in Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Non random purposive sampling technique was used. Total of 300 patients participated in the study, 281 anti partum and 19 postpartum. Age distribution showed 42% patients were in 21-25 years age group. Majority of the participants (91%) were housewife and majority (79%) came from poor socioeconomic status with below SSC education (68%). About 82% patients lived in rural area. Trimester and gravida wise distribution showed most of the participants were 3rd trimester (61%) and primigravida (57%) and only 6% patients belong to postpartum period. In this study preeclampsia was highest (63.8%) among all other types of hypertensive diseases in pregnancy. Majority of the patient were preferred for dual therapy (53%), mono therapy was used in 29% of cases. Most frequently given drug in pregnancy associated hypertension was methyldopa that is 88.33% (single 22.3%, combination 66%). Second most commonly used drug was nifidipine consisting of 47.6% but used in combination in all cases. Average number of anti hypertensive drugs prescribed per prescription was 1.87 and majorities (92%) were from essential drug list but used as trade name. Preeclampsia and eclampsia were more common among the hypertensive disorders in tertiary level hospital cases. Methyldopa was found to be the commonest prescribed antihypertensive in monotherapy and in combination.